TUMENYE UKURI KURI "GENOCIDE" YABAYE MU RWANDA:

Muri iyiminsi nakomeje kwitegereza ubwicanyi bukomeje kubera mu Rwanda, ukongeraho ibikorwa by'iyica rubozo biranga ingoma ngome ya FPR-Inkotanyi, mbona tudakwiye guterera agati muryinyo ngo twicecekere, ubwayanvugo ngo akabi kamenyerwa nk’akeza. Birashoboka ko ntako utagize, ariko biranashoboka ko hari icyo utarakora ngo tubashe gukumira « genocide ikorerwa ubwoko bw’abahutu » kuva kw’itariki 01/10/1990 kugeza uyumunota nandika. Niyompanvu rero ntasobanura ibiri kubera mu Rwanda uyumunota, ngo nirengagize ibyabibanjirije kugirango turebe neza icyakorwa ngo ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere bushyirweho iherezo. Niyo mpanvu muri iri sesengura ngerageza gusobanura isano riri hagati y’ibiri kuba, ibyabaye n’umugambi nyamukuru FPR ifite cyangwase yacuze kuva cyera. Nzasoza kandi ngaragaza icyakorwa ngo twe abanyarwanda (Abatwa-Abahutu-Abatutsi) twongere tubane tutitaye kubudasa bwacu. Dusobanukirwe n’icyo “jenoside” ari cyo. Muri iki gice cyambere ndashaka ko tubanza tugasobanukirwa n’icyo « genocide » aricyo. Impanvu si uko « genocide » ari invugo nvamahanga gusa, cyangwase ijambo rikomeye cyaneee ! Uretse ko nabyo aribyo. Ariko impanvu nyamukuru ni uko byagaragaye ko FPR ikoresha iyo nvugo kugirango ibeshye abanyarwanda, ibaryanishe, maze iherezo bazanarimburane. Ibi kandi ibikora mu rwego rwo kuyobya uburari, mu rwego rwo kwikuraho icyaha yo yateguye kandi ikagishyira no mubikorwa. Muri iki gice ndibanda cyane ku nyandiko yasohotse kurubuga www.veritasinfo.fr yanditswe n’uwitwa Pancras M. Malani wiga muri University of Cape Town, igisata cy’amateka nk’uko abyivugira. Ibi ntakindi kibinteye n’uko icyo tuvugaho ari kimwe ariko ntitubyunve kimwe. Mushobora no kuyisoma kuri Link: http://www.veritasinfo.fr/2014/07/rwanda-dusobanukirwe-n-icyo-jenoside-ari-cyo.html Uwanditse iyi nyandiko ndende rero nawe agerageza gusobanura icyo « Genocide » aricyo. Pancras Malani mw’isesengura akora agaruka aho yatangiriye maze ukibaza niba akuyeho urujijo cyangwa arwongereye cyane. Yemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye « genocide yakorewe abatutsi » gusa, naho yagera kuri « genocide ikorerwa abahutu » ngo agendeye kuburyo abahutu bicwamo ntibishobora kwitwa « genocide »! Aya ni amarangamutima. Nibutse ko iyi atariyo mpanvu yo kwemeza inyito y’icyaha cya ‘genocide’ nk’uko tugiye kubibona. Uyu Pancras M. Malani nibutse ko atangira inkuru nawe yari yijeje abasomyi ko agiye gutanga igisubizo kukibazo gikomeye cyari mu nkuru nanone yasohotse kuri veritasinfo.fr, taliki 12 Nyakanga, 2014, ifite umutwe ugira uti « Niba ubwicanyi bw'abatutsi mu minsi 100 bwariswe jenoside, ubwicanyi bumaze imyaka 24 bukorerwa abahutu kandi bugikomeje bugomba kwitwa iki? » Mbere yo kumufasha gusubiza kiriya kibazo no gutanga urumuri ku nyito mu Rwanda, mboneyeho gushima umuganda yatanze ibyaribyobyose hari imyunvire mishya yasigiye abantu kubyabaye mu Rwanda, cyane cyane ko yivugira ko igitekerezo cyaje ahereye ku isomo rirebana na «genocide » yaramaze kwiga. I. Genocide bivuga iki ? Nkuko biteganwa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yo kuwa 09/12/1948, mu ngingo yayo ya II, nkuko biteganwa kandi nanone n’ingingo ya II ya sitatu igenga urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), « Genocide » ni icyaha gishyirwa mu bikorwa iyo buri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagambiriwe kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini (ubwemeramana). Ibyo bikorwa rero iyi ngingo iteganya ni: a) Kwica abagize rimwe mu itsinda tumaze kuvuga ; b) Gutera ubumuga bukomeye, bwaba ubw’umubiri cyangwa se ubwo mu mutwe abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze ; c) Gushyira ubigambiriye, mumibereho ishobora gutuma abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze barimbuka bose cyangwase bamwe muribo ; d) Gufata ibyemezo bigambiriye kubuza kororoka abagize rimwe mw’itsinda twavuze ; e) Gufata urubyaro rw’abagize rimwe mu itsinda twavuze, ukarwitirira irindi kungufu. Aha mboneyeho kwibutsa Pancras M. Malani cyangwa undi wese ushobora kubyibeshyaho ko gushyirwa mu bikorwa kwa cyimwe muri biriya bikorwa tuvuze hejuru bidahagije ngo bibe byakwitwa genocide nkuko ariho nawe yagarukiye atanga ubusobanuro bwa «genocide » muri iriya nyandiko ye. Nyamara hari ibindi bintu by’ingenzi dukwiye kunva neza no kwitaho! Nkuko ingingo ya 2, yaba iy’amasezerano mpuzamahanga cyangwa iya sitati y’urukiko rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, igaragaza ko abateguye buri gikorwa twabonye, bagombye kuba bari bafite umugambi wo kurimbura igice cyangwa bose mubahuriye kuri buri tsinda twabonye (ubwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa se ku idini). Bitabaye ibyo rero ngo ibigize icyo cyaha (Eléments constitutif) bibe byuzuye, gishobora kuba ikindi cyaha aho kwitwa « genocide », kuko buri gikorwa iriyangingo iteganya usanga n’ubundi ubwacyo ari icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko rusange (droit commun). II. Itegurwa ry’icyaha cya « Genocide » Ikindi rero mugenzi wanjye atindaho cyane, ni ugutegurwa kw’icyaha cya «genocide », aho Pancras M. Malani yemeza ko ari Leta iriho igomba kubishyira mubikorwa ntakabuza. Aragira ati :…[I]kindi abantu bagomba kumenya ni uko jenoside idashobora kwitwa uko niba atari leta ihagarariye ubwicanyi, igashishikariza abantu kwica abandi hafitwe umugambi wo kubarimbura ». Ibi avuga nibyo ariko si ihame : Ni igice cy’ukuri afite mur’iri sesengura yakoze. Kubera iki ? Mu gusubiza, twibaze niba « gutegura genocide » byaba ari ihame ko ari umwihariko wa Leta? Niba atari ihame se ubwo Leta yazamo ite mugihe atariyo yacuze uwo mugambi? Kugirango tubyunve neza dushingire kuri y’amasezerano akumira kandi agahana icyaha cya genocide ndetse no kuri sitatu ya TPIR. Nta ngingo yayo yemeza ko biriya bikorwa byose twabonye bigomba kuba byarateguwe na Leta. Ibiramambu ahubwo amasezerano na statut bikoresha invugo igaragaza abantu kugiti cyabo (personnes physique) nk’aho avuga « Abantu bashyize mubikorwa genocide… abantu bahamwe na genocide… ». Nubwo turi bubisobanure neza, ariko uwariwe wese wacura umugambi wo kurimbura kimwe mubice twavuze yaba ari gucura « umugambi wa genocide ». Kandi uwo mugambi Kushyirwa mubikorwa byo ni ibindi bindi. N’ubwo amasezerano twavuze ntacyo avuga kuri iy’ingingo y’ingenzi yo « gutegura genocide », Nyamara ntibibuza ko gutegura ari igikorwa cyangombwa (Elément constitutif très important) mukwemeza icyaha cya Genocide. Gutegura rero ni igikorwa cyunvikanamo, kuko ntushobora kugira umugambi wo kurimbura ngo usigane no gutegura uko bizagerwaho. Ikiza ariko ni uko Statut ya TPIR yo isobanutse kuri iyi ngingo kuburyo ntarujijo dukwiye kugira. Ingingo yayo ya 6 (1) igaragaza ko « Umuntu wese wateguye, wakanguriye, wategetse, wakoze cyangwase mubundi buryo ubwaribwobwose wakanguriye gutegura, wateguye cyangwa agashyira mubikorwa ibyaha birebwa n’ingingo ya 2 kugeza kuya 4 y’iyi sitati y’urukiko akurikiranwaho ibyo byaha nk’umuntu kugiti ». Aha iyi ngingo irashaka kutwibutsa ko ihame ry’uko icyaha ari gatozi, rikurikizwa no kubyaha ndengakamere nka « genocide ». Muburyo butomoye agace ka 2 k’iyo ngingo ya 6 gasobanura ko abarebwa ari abantu kugiti cyabo, kabone n’ubwo ukurikiranwe yaba umukuru w’igihugu cyangwa uwa guverinoma. Aha noneho murunva ko impungenge twari dufite zivuyeho. III. None se Leta (government) ihurira he na “Genocide”? Tubanze tumenye ko « gutegura genocide » no « gushyira mubikorwa genocide » ari ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Kutunva ibi rero bituma abantu batunva neza ngo basobanukirwe n’ibyabaye kandi bigikomeje kubera iwacu mu Rwanda. Ubusanzwe ihame n’uko Leta ari umurinzi w’abenegihugu bose ukobangana. Munshingano zayo rero igomba gukora uko ishoboye ngo hatagira uvutswa uburenganzira n’ubuzima bye. Ibyo bishatse kuvuga ko byumwihariko ntawe ushobora kurimbura kimwe mu bice twavuze haruguru Leta irebera mu bushobozi bwayo bwuzuye! Gutegura rero (Planification of genocide) ntibisobanura nk’ihame ko ari Leta iba yabikoze byanze bikunze! Gutegura genocide si umwihariko wa Leta kuko ibikorwa bya genocide bishobora gutegurwa n’ikindi gice nk’ (amashyaka, imiryango yigenga, imitwe yagisirikare cyangwa abandi bantu kugiti cyabo). Nyamara se ariko ibi bikorwa bishoboka bite nyine mugihugu Leta (government) igifite inshingano zayo zose mu bushobozi bwayo bwose? Oya Ntibishoboka ko uyu mugambi wokurimbura igice cyangwa bose mu benegihugu bagize biriya byiciro twavuze wagerwaho Leta itabizi! Biramutse bishobotse, umugambi ukajya mubikorwa tutitaye kuwawuteguye uwo ariwe wese, (Leta igifite ububasha n’ubushobozi bwayo) icyo gihe Leta yaba ibifitemo uruhare. Icyo gihe Leta iba ifite uruhare mu “gushyira mu bikorwa genocide” kugeza igihe hagaragarijwe icyinyuranyo cyabyo. Bishatse kuvugako biramutse bigaragaye ko Leta yariri mubihe bidasanzwe cyangwa ibihe by’imidugararo, cyangwa se hakagaragazwa izindi nzitizi zose zakunvikanira buri wese ko Leta itashoboraga cyangwa byayinaniye gukumira biriya bikorwa bya genocide, icyo gihe umugambi wo gutegurwa ukomeza gushakirwa ahandi. Ibi kandi birunvikana kuko na Leta iriho ishobora guterwa igatsindwa igahirikwa hakimikwa indi mwanya wo kwibaza niba kunanirwa gukumira « genocide » byashoboka ! Aha mwibuke ko aribyo byabaye murwanda ! Iyingingo ni ingenzi kuko izadufasha mukumenya neza inyito y’ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda. Kuba hari abavuga ko rero « genocide ari icyaha cya Leta », murunva ko atari ihame. Ntabwo ari igikorwa abagize Leta (governement) bihariye. Aha rero niho ntunva kimwe na Pancras M. Malani, kuko munyandiko ye abanza akemera ihame yamara kurisobanura neza ntiyibuke iryo renga yobora maze kuvuga hejuru, cyane cyane ko naryo riri mubituma abanyarwanda batunva ibintu kimwe. Mugushimangira ko Leta iramutse atariyo yateguye «genocide » tutaba tukemeje iki cyaha, Pancras M. Malani aragira ati : « urugero ni nk’umupoloso wajya mu rusengero runaka kubera urwango afitiye abagatolika agafata imbunda akarasa abahuriye muri uko kwemera bose n’ubwo nta bagatolika baba basigaye muri icyo gihugu ubu bwicanyi ntibushobora kwitwa jenoside ». Dusuzume uru rugero rwiza atanga kuko rushingiye kuri kimwe mubice itegeko ryateganije birebwana Genocide. Ururugero kandi ruradufasha gutahura ibisabwa kugirango twemeze ko ubwicanyi runaka bwakwitwa « genocide ». Ikindi kirushijeho uru rugero ruradufasha kunva ibyabereye kandi bikibera iwacu. Kugirango rero ubwicanyi nk’ubu bwakorewe abagatorika nk’uko abatangaho urugero bwitwe « genocide » cyangwa ntibwitwe gutyo, bituruka gusa kuba bwujuje ibisabwa. Ni ukuvuga ko kugirango uru rugero rutumurikire, dukwiye gusuzuma ibyo byangombwa bisabwa ! Ubusanzwe umucamanza niwe wemeza bwanyuma niba uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha ashinjwa. Niyo mpanvu ndamutse nishyize mu mwanya w’umucamanza nabanza kureba ibi bikurikira: 1. Kuba igice kirimburwa cyarateganijwe n’itegeko. Yego (kuko harahigwa abahuriye ku idini. Kurimbura rero igice cyangwase bose mubagize abakatorika bishobora kwitwa genocide) ; 2. Kuba abatangije umugambi wo kurimbura barawuteguye bihagije bazi impanvu n’uburyo kugirango umugambi bawugereho. Aha naho ni yego yarabiteguye kuko ntaho atubwira ko byamutunguye cyangwa ari ibisazi byamufashe; 3. Kuba abatangije ubwicanyi ntakindi bari bagamije uretse umugambi wo kurimbura abo bagatorika, kabone niyo bagambirira igice cyabo ? Nibyo kuko umugambi munyandiko ya Pancras M. Malani aragira ati : uwarasa abagatorika munsengero kabone n’ubwo nta mugatorika wasigara muri icyo gihugu, byaba ari «genocide » kandi Leta itabiteguye ? Uwagerageza rero guha inyito iki gikorwa cyo kumaraho abagatorika, maze agashingira kuri biriya itegeko riteganya iyi ishobora kwitwa « genocide ». Naho kuba Leta itabiteguye byo nta naho utubwira ko nibura byayinaniye kubikumira. Twibuke ko muri éléments zubatse icyaha cya « genocide » ntaho bavuze ko Leta ari umwihariko mukugitegura. Cyakora Leta ni umwihariko mukugikumira. Urujijo rero rukwiye kuvaho kuko kugirango hemezwe icyaha cya « genocide » hagomba kurebwa niba umugambi wo kurimbura igice cyangwa se bose mu bagize rimwe mu matsinda twavuze warateguwe. IV. Inyito ya Genocide : Cas du Rwanda Mugushakisha inyito y’ubwicanyi bwatangijwe mu Rwanda na FPR guhera tariki ya 01/10/1990, hari bamwe babwise « genocide y’abanyarwanda » abandi bati ahubwo ni « genocide yakorewe abatutsi » abandi bati ahubwo ni « genocide ikorerwa abahutu ». Byose birashoboka ariko reka turebe icyo amategeko abivugaho n’icyo bashingiraho. Ntimucikwe ni munyandiko yacu itaha. Venant Nkurunziza

Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije ushinzwe amategeko no gukemura amakimbirane mu Ishyaka Ishema ry’u Rwanda.

#amateka #politics #revolutiontime #democracy